Key+Contributors

“Creativity is the step child of psychology” - Rollo May

"Creativity is a type of learning process where the teacher and pupil are located in the same individual." — Arthur Koestler


 * __Joy Paul (J.P.)Guilford__ [[image:Svhc4hc5.jpeg width="123" height="186" align="right"]]**
 * Has written books such as //Intelligence, creativity and their educational implications//
 * He studied cognitive psychology, creative, psychology, and statistics in psychology, intelligence
 * His passion was psychology and he worked well into the late 1980’s until his death
 * Born Joy Paul Guilford in 1897 he was a student of Edward Titchener.
 * He studied at the University of Nebraska for his B.A. and M.A.
 * Received his PhD from Cornell university in 1927
 * He was an elementary teacher before and during his studies at Nebraska
 * He also served in the U.S. Army
 * He taught at numerous universities
 * He wrote in many journals and published numerous books on intelligence and creativity and cognitive psychology
 * Died November 27, 1987


 * __Arthur Koestler__ [[image:050912_bb_Arthur-KoestlerTN.jpeg width="154" height="199" align="right"]]**
 * Book //Art of Creation (1964)// gave us tree types of creative individuals //://// the artist, the sage, the jester //
 * // Born in 1905 in Budapest, Hungary //
 * // Studied science and psychology //
 * // Studied at the University of Vienna //
 * // Worked for newspapers in Europe, and the middle east //
 * // Eventually escaped to England and joined the British Army //
 * // Author of ////Darkness at Noon, Arrow in the Blue, The Sleepwalker, The Thirteenth Tribe// // and many others //
 * // Taught at Stanford University in Behavioral Sciences //
 * // Wrote in humorous journals and books //
 * // Was a communist in the 1930’s but later changes to anti-communist //
 * // Died in 1983 in London, France //


 * __Sigmund Freud__ [[image:Sigmund_Freud.jpeg width="144" height="194" align="right"]]**
 * Born May 6th, 1856, as Sigismund Schlomo Freud, in Austria
 * Studied at the University of Vienna
 * Founder of Psychoanalysis
 * Had his own medical practice specializing in Neurology
 * Believed that creativity came from frustrated desires of fame, fortune and love
 * Felt there is a great similarity between neurosis and creativity
 * Believed creativity is a part of the id
 * Believed that humans use creativity to seek pleasure and avoid pain
 * Author of, "//On Creativity and the Unconscious: Papers on the Psychology of Art, Literature, Love and Religion"//
 * Died September 23, 1939

"(i) //preparation// (preparatory work on a problem that focuses the individual's mind on the problem and explores the problem's dimensions), (ii) //incubation// (where the problem is internalized into the unconscious mind and nothing appears externally to be happening),  (iii) //intimation// (the creative person gets a "feeling" that a solution is on its way),  (iv) //illumination// or insight (where the creative idea bursts forth from its preconscious processing into conscious awareness); and  (v) //verification// (where the idea is consciously verified, elaborated, and then applied)." (Wallas)
 * __Graham Wallas__**
 * [[image:File-Graham_Wallas.jpeg width="132" height="195" align="right"]] ** Born May 31st, 1858, in Monkwearmouth, Sunderland. **
 * Was an English Socialist, social psychologist, educationalist, a leader of the Fabian Society, a co-founder of the London School of Economics, and was President of Rationalist Press Association
 * "Considered creativity to be a legacy of the evolutionary process, which allowed humans to quickly adapt to rapidly changing environments"(Simonton)
 * Arthur of, "//Art of Thought",// The first published book with a humans views on the process of creativity
 * Created a 5 step model that explains creative insights and illuminations
 * Died August 9th, 1932